如果巴西1999年没有让雷亚尔浮动会怎样?

C. Carvalho, A. D. Vilela
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引用次数: 1

摘要

这个论文的英文版本可以发现:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2746239Portuguese文摘:估计有一个动态模型,estocastico,巴西经济的平衡,考虑系统的显式转换外汇的乐队到目标系统,1999年的反通胀和浮动汇率。估计模型在两种货币制度下产生了非常不同的动态。然后,我们利用一系列估计的结构冲击,构建了两个政权之间过渡的一些反事实故事。我们的结果表明,维持汇率区间实际上是不可行的,因为利率将在几个季度内保持在极高的水平,经济活动将急剧收缩。亚洲危机后汇率贬值速度的加快,将导致通胀和利率上升,经济活动略弱。最后,该模型表明,1998年上半年可能为两种货币制度之间的平稳过渡提供了机会之窗。摘要:我们估计了一个动态的、随机的、一般均衡的巴西经济模型,该模型考虑了1999年从货币挂钩到通货膨胀目标的转变。在两种货币制度下,估计模型表现出相当不同的动态。我们利用它来产生从一个政权向另一个政权过渡的反事实历史,考虑到估计的结构性冲击的历史。我们的结果表明,维持货币挂钩的成本太高,利率必须在几个季度内保持在非常高的水平,国内生产总值将会崩溃。亚洲危机之后加速名义汇率贬值的步伐,将导致通货膨胀和利率上升,并略微降低国内生产总值。最后,1998年上半年为货币制度之间的平稳过渡提供了一个机会之窗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What If Brazil Hadn't Floated the Real in 1999?
The English version of this paper can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2746239Portuguese Abstract: Estimamos um modelo dinâmico, estocastico, de equilibrio geral para a economia brasileira, levando em conta explicitamente a transicao do sistema de bandas cambiais para o regime de metas para a inflacao com câmbio flutuante, ocorrida em 1999. O modelo estimado produz dinâmicas bastante distintas sob os dois regimes monetarios. Construimos, entao, algumas historias contrafactuais da transicao entres os dois regimes, utilizando as series de choques estruturais estimados. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutencao das bandas cambiais teria sido praticamente inviavel, na medida em que a taxa de juros teria que ter permanecido em niveis extremamente elevados por varios trimestres e a atividade economica teria contraido fortemente. Acelerar o ritmo de desvalorizacao da taxa de câmbio apos a Crise da Asia teria produzido taxas de inflacao e de juros maiores e atividade economica um pouco mais fraca. Por ultimo, o modelo sugere que o primeiro semestre de 1998 pode ter oferecido uma janela de oportunidade para uma transicao suave entre os dois regimes monetarios.English Abstract: We estimate a dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium model of the Brazilian economy taking into account the transition from a currency peg to inflation targeting that took place in 1999. The estimated model exhibits quite different dynamics under the two monetary regimes. We use it to produce counterfactual histories of the transition from one regime to another, given the estimated history of structural shocks. Our results suggest that maintaining the currency peg would have been too costly, as interest rates would have had to remain at extremely high levels for several quarters, and GDP would have collapsed. Accelerating the pace of nominal exchange rate devaluations after the Asian Crisis would have lead to higher inflation and interest rates, and slightly lower GDP. Finally, the first half of 1998 arguably provided a window of opportunity for a smooth transition between monetary regimes.
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