Hawking radiation in the lab

To carry out this experiment, Chen and Mourou suggest a laser pulse could be sent through a plasma target. [11] Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at the Israel Institute of Technology, has published a paper in the journal Nature Physics describing experiments in which he attempted to create a virtual black hole in the lab in order to prove that Stephen Hawking's theory of radiation emanating from black holes is correct —though his experiments are based on sound, rather than light. In his paper, he claims to have observed the quantum effects of Hawking radiation in his lab as part of a virtual black hole—which, if proven to be true, will be the first time it has ever been achieved. New Research Mathematically Proves Quantum Effects Stop the Formation of Black Holes. By merging two seemingly conflicting theories, Laura Mersini-Houghton, a physics professor at UNCChapel Hill in the College of Arts and Sciences, has proven, mathematically, that black holes can never come into being in the first place. The works not only forces scientists to reimagining the fabric of space-time, but also rethink the origins of the universe. Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside. Possible way to test black hole information paradox in the lab A pair of researchers, one with National Taiwan University, the other with École Polytechnique in France has come up with a way to test the idea of Hawking radiation and the information paradox in a lab setting. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, Pisin Chen and Gerard Mourou describe their idea and the likely difficulties that researchers would face in trying to carry out actual experiments. The information paradox surrounding black holes came about as researchers pondered the problem of physical information being destroyed when it is pulled into a black hole and disappearing later as the black hole dies—this would seem to violate the laws of physics. Back in the 1970s, Stephen Hawking famously postulated the idea that if a pair of entangled photons came to exist near the event horizon and one was pulled into the black hole but the other escaped, then the escaping photon would hold the information, preventing its loss, thus avoiding a paradox. Since that time, physicists have conceived thought experiments to test this idea, but of course, due to the inability to travel to and test a black hole, all remain theoretical. In this new effort, the research pair believe they may have come up with a way to test one of those thought experiments in a lab here on Earth. The thought experiment consisted of developing a way to mimic the behavior of the photons near the black hole event horizon—perhaps by generating entangled pairs of photons and then using an accelerating mirror to mimic the impact of black hole gravity. In this scenario, one photon would be reflected (representing Hawking radiation) while the other would not—it would keep moving until the mirror finally stopped. To carry out this experiment, Chen and Mourou suggest a laser pulse could be sent through a plasma target. As it moves, it would create a wake consisting of electrons that could serve as a moving reflecting boundary. To keep the mirror accelerating, they also note, the plasma density would have to be continually increased. The two ran simple tests of the concept, and they now claim that carrying out such an experiment would be extremely difficult, though possible. It could be done, they suggest, using a next-generation particle accelerator called a plasma Wakefield accelerator. [11] Physicist claims to have observed quantum effects of Hawking radiation in the lab for the first time For many years, scientists believed that nothing could ever escape from a black hole. But in 1974, Stephen Hawking published a paper suggesting that something could—particles that are now called Hawking radiation. His idea was that if a particle (and its antimatter mate) appeared spontaneously at the edge of a black hole, one of the pair might be pulled into the black hole while the other escaped, taking some of the energy from the black hole with it—which would explain why black holes grow smaller and eventually disappear. Because such emissions are so feeble, no one has been able to measure Hawking radiation, so researchers have instead tried to build virtual black holes in labs to test the theory. One type of virtual black hole was proposed back in 1981 by Bill Unruh with the University of British Columbia—he suggested that an analogue might be created using water instead of light. He imagined a phonon existing at the edge of a waterfall—as the water speeds up, it begins to move faster than the speed of sound, causing it to be trapped. But if the phonon had an entangled mate that eluded the fall by moving away before getting caught up, it could escape. In this new effort, Steinhauer has built a device based on that idea and in so doing, claims he has observed an analogue of Hawking radiation. The experiment consisted of creating an entangled pair of phonons sitting inside a bit of liquid that had been forced (via laser) to move very fast and then observing the action as one of the pair was pulled away as the liquid began to move faster than the speed of sound, while the other escaped— the fluid was a Bose-Enistein condensate of rubidium-87 atoms. After repeating the experiment 4,600 times Steinhauer became convinced that the particles were entangled, a necessity for a Hawking radiation analogue. His findings do not prove Hawking's theory to be true, of course, but they do appear to add a degree of credence that other researchers have thus far not been able to achieve. [10] Quantum Effects Stop the Formation of Black Holes For decades, black holes were thought to form when a massive star collapses under its own gravity to a single point in space – imagine the Earth being squished into a ball the size of a peanut – called a singularity. So the story went, an invisible membrane known as the event horizon surrounds the singularity and crossing this horizon means that you could never cross back. It’s the point where a black hole’s gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape it. The reason black holes are so bizarre is that it pits two fundamental theories of the universe against each other. Einstein’s theory of gravity predicts the formation of black holes but a fundamental law of quantum theory states that no information from the universe can ever disappear. Efforts to combine these two theories lead to mathematical nonsense, and became known as the information loss paradox. In 1974, Stephen Hawking used quantum mechanics to show that black holes emit radiation. Since then, scientists have detected fingerprints in the cosmos that are consistent with this radiation, identifying an ever-increasing list of the universe’s black holes. But now Mersini-Houghton describes an entirely new scenario. She and Hawking both agree that as a star collapses under its own gravity, it produces Hawking radiation. However, in her new work, Mersini-Houghton shows that by giving off this radiation, the star also sheds mass. So much so that as it shrinks it no longer has the density to become a black hole. Before a black hole can form, the dying star swells one last time and then explodes. A singularity never forms and neither does an event horizon. The take home message of her work is clear: there is no such thing as a black hole. Many physicists and astronomers believe that our universe originated from a singularity that began expanding with the Big Bang. However, if singularities do not exist, then physicists have to rethink their ideas of the Big Bang and whether it ever happened. “Physicists have been trying to merge these two theories – Einstein’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics – for decades, but this scenario brings these two theories together, into harmony,” said Mersini-Houghton. “And that’s a big deal.” [9] Considering the chess game as a model of physics In the chess game there is also the same question, if the information or the material is more important factor of the game? There is also the time factor acting as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and the arrow of time gives a growing disorder from the starting position. When I was student of physics at the Lorand Eotvos University of Sciences, I succeeded to earn the master degree in chess, before the master degree in physics. I used my physics knowledge to see the chess game on the basis of Information – Entropy Theory and giving a presentation in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, proposed a research of chess programming. Accepting my idea there has built the first Hungarian Chess Program "PAPA" which is participated on the 1 World Computer Chess Championship in Stockholm 1974. [1] The basic theory on which one chess program can be constructed is that there exists a general characteristic of the game of chess, namely the concept of entropy. This concept has been employed in physics for a long time. In the case of a gas, it is the logarithm of the number of those microscopic states compatible with the macroscopic parameters of the gas. What does this mean in terms of chess? A common characteristic of every piece is that it could move to certain squares, including by capture. In any given position, there