Theoretical basis for essence determining of categories «energy effect» and «energy effect in crop production»

. The article presents the author’s definition of categories «energy effect» and «energy effect in crop production» and their using in energy estimation. The types of energy effect as a factor of reproduction of agricultural production, taking into account the characteristics of agricultural sector according to the existing level of technology and technique are generalized. The process approach in the context of crop production to crop production, which is parameterized by the energy factor, is applied. The classification of energy types in the process of crop production is substantiated. Such types of energy, as: renewable (solar energy, the energy potential of the soil, air temperature and soil); non-renewable (energy resources; the energy embodied in mineral and organic fertilizers, pesticides; the energy embodied in seeds; the energy embodied in machinery and equipment; the energy embodied in buildings and structures); energy of human labor, are allocated. The crop production is proposed to be determined on the basis of energy equivalents (J): 1) energy equivalent of direct costs; 2) energy equivalent of indirect costs; energy 3) energy equivalent per 1 person-hour of labor. The classification of energy effects is justified: preliminary energy effect; expected energy effect; potential energy effect; guaranteed energy effect; actual energy effect; calculated energy effect; planned energy effect; annual energy effect; specific energy effect; integral energy effect. The following approaches to determination of energy effect in crop production are proposed: 1) reducing the aggregate cost of energy resources per unit of acreage with constant yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop; 2) increasing the yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop with the same cost of aggregate energy resources per unit area; 3) increasing the yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop while reducing the cost of aggregate energy resources per unit area.