Layered Depth Panoramas

Representations for interactive photorealistic visualization of scenes range from compact 2D panoramas to data-intensive 4D light fields. In this paper, we propose a technique for creating a layered representation from a sparse set of images taken with a hand-held camera. This representation, which we call a layered depth panorama (LDP), allows the user to experience 3D by off-axis panning. It combines the compelling experience of panoramas with limited 3D navigation. Our choice of representation is motivated by ease of capture and compactness. We formulate the problem of constructing the LDP as the recovery of color and geometry in a multi-perspective cylindrical disparity space. We leverage a graph cut approach to sequentially determine the disparity and color of each layer using multi-view stereo. Geometry visible through the cracks at depth discontinuities in a frontmost layer is determined and assigned to layers behind the frontmost layer. All layers are then used to render novel panoramic views with parallax. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of complex outdoor and indoor scenes.