焊缝裂纹完整性管理的概率分析进展

Jing Ma, K. Bagnoli, N. Thirumalai, J. Krynicki, Z. D. Cater-Cyker, Gustavo Gonzalez
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摘要

概率分析越来越多地应用于管道行业,为定量风险评估提供可靠性方面的信息。本文详细介绍了近年来在焊缝开裂威胁中的应用进展。主要包括三个方面。第一个方面是材料属性。除了夏比v型缺口(CVN)测试之外,业界对于老式电阻焊(ERW)焊缝的断裂韧性数据有限。为了更好地了解1980年以前的ERW管的断裂行为,进行了大量的测试。该数据库包括常规的韧性测试,如467致密拉伸(CT), 20单边缘缺口弯曲(SENB)和106销加载单边缘缺口拉伸(SENT),专门设计用于模拟全尺寸管道的约束条件。本文给出的分布表征了1980年以前的ERW管的断裂韧性,并提供了足够的信息来表示这类材料进行概率分析。第二个方面是使用验证轴进行在线检查(ILI)性能评估。在挖掘过程中收集的无损评估(NDE)数据是验证工具运行的传统来源。最近,通过设计具有精确已知尺寸信息的各种“合成”缺陷的配置,制造验证轴来量化ILI性能。通过应用API STD 1163 Level 3分析,使用这些阀芯可以快速、全面地评估ILI性能。它还提供了确定检测概率(POD)作为缺陷大小的函数的机会,这对于解释运行ILI并完成维修后的剩余失效概率至关重要。第三个方面是利用累积的行业缺陷数据来推断一个假定的人口,以表征没有历史ILI的管道的状况。这种方法在一些情况下是有益的,例如,为ILI运行确定资产的优先级,评估难以清管的管道,以及估计仅经过水试缓解的管道的故障概率(POF)。本文提供了一些案例研究来说明该过程的实施,并介绍了正在进行的行业进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Advancement of Probabilistic Analysis of Seam Weld Cracking Integrity Management
Probabilistic analysis has been increasingly used in the pipeline industry to provide insight on reliability as input to quantitative risk assessments. This paper details an overview of recent advancements in its application to seam weld cracking threat. Three major aspects are covered. The first aspect is material property. There are limited fracture toughness data outside of Charpy V-Notch (CVN) tests available in the industry for vintage electric resistance welded (ERW) seams. A large number of testing has been conducted to better understand pre-1980 ERW pipe fracture behavior. The database includes conventional toughness tests such as 467 compact tension (CT), 20 single edge notched bend (SENB) and 106 pin-loaded single edge notched tension (SENT) specially designed to simulate the constraint condition of full scale pipe. The distributions presented in the paper characterize the fracture toughness of pre-1980 ERW pipe and provide sufficient information to represent this class of material for probabilistic analysis. The second aspect is the use of validation spools for in-line inspection (ILI) performance evaluation. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) data collected during excavations are a traditional source to validate the tool run. Recently, validation spools are manufactured to quantify the ILI performance by designing configurations with a variety of “synthetic” flaws having accurately known sizing information. The use of these spools enables the rapid and comprehensive assessment of ILI performance by applying API STD 1163 Level 3 analysis. It also provides the opportunity to determine probability of detection (POD) as a function of flaw size, which is critical to interpret the residual failure probability after running ILI and completing repairs. The third aspect is to leverage the accumulated industry flaw data to infer a postulated population to characterize the condition of a pipeline without historical ILI. This approach is beneficial in a few scenarios, for instance, to prioritize assets for ILI runs, to evaluate difficult-to-pig pipelines, and to estimate the probability of failure (POF) of pipelines only subject to hydrotest mitigation. The paper provides some case study to illustrate the implementation of the process and debriefs the ongoing industry progress.
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