Binary Equilibrium Optimizer Based Weak bus Constrained PMU Placement

This work proposes weak bus constrained optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in standard IEEE systems using binary Equilibrium Optimizer (BEO). The novelty of this work is to place the PMUs on such locations that weak buses are observed with maximum number of PMUs to ascertain full observability and stability of the system. The different combinations for installation of PMUs for other cases are also obtained by BEO. For investigating the effectiveness of the approach, it is tested on different test cases which are IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus, IEEE 57 bus and IEEE 118 bus systems with different conditions that include consideration of zero injection buses, single PMU outage, weak buses in the systems.