Conceptual Framework for Adversarial Thinking Adoption in Experiential Learning Model for Robotics Learning

In this high-technological era, cybersecurity is well-known due to various cybercrimes that happen from time to time. Adversarial thinking, which can be explained as one ability of strategic thinking commonly applied by the hacker, needs to be disclosed to society as one of cybersecurity awareness. Therefore, this study highlights the usage of adversarial thinking in education by adopting the adversarial thinking elements in the experiential learning model. The conceptual framework of adopting adversarial thinking has been developed by using the Matsuo-Nagata learning model 2020. The Matsuo-Nagata learning model has only been applied in the training programs; therefore, to apply the current learning model to the education and cybersecurity field, a new learning model has been revised and adopted with the adversarial thinking aspect. Robotic learning has been chosen as the learning tool for the revised experiential learning model. This study involves three elements of adversarial thinking: analytical, creative, and practical. By analyzing the previous study and the survey results from the expert, the findings show that adversarial thinking is suitable and essential to be adopted in the experiential learning model.