CPW-fed UWB antenna based on packing congruent circles in a circular patch

A new planar UWB antenna with a patch that consists of eight small congruent circles optimally packed into a large circle is proposed. The small circles have equal radii that are found using a straightforward formula that is based on the well-known “circles packing in a circle” theory. This formula is a function of the substrate dielectric constant and the upper frequency in the operating frequency range (10.6 GHz). This formula is also used to find the radius of the large virtual circle where all the eight small circles are packed and which is a function of the lower frequency in the band (3.1 GHz). With its clear design procedure and physical interpretations, the new antenna presents a better candidate than typical circular patch UWB antennas. The simulated |Sn| results and radiation patterns throughout the UWB range are provided to demonstrate the very good antenna performance. The procedure used to produce this antenna can be generalized to produce other antennas operating at different wideband ranges.