农业和农村发展中的妇女劳动力:问题与挑战

Pradhyuman Singh Lakhawat, Poonam Singh
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摘要

据国际劳工组织估计,这些农村妇女占总人口的四分之一。此外,妇女占世界农村劳动力的41%,在低收入国家,这一比例上升到49%。乡下的妇女们充当农场主、养家糊口者和商人。他们解决了农业企业劳动力的很大一部分。他们在社会和财政方面的实力增强会对有用性和农业综合企业推动的发展产生强烈影响。农村地区的取向差异至关重要,但很难评估。由于妇女们被集中在被忽视的照顾和家务劳动中,她们在资源开发方面的工作通常是无偿的,她们对国家经济的贡献被普遍低估了。来自社区、本地和祖先网络的女性通常是传统信息的守护者,这些信息对她们网络的职业、多样性和文化至关重要。他们的承诺是特殊的和必要的,特别是关于正常的资产,行政人员,农场和护林员服务区域,这是环境变化的调节和变化的基础。农村妇女聚集在低天赋、低效率、低地位或被忽视的岗位上,工作时间长,工作条件无奈,社会保障有限。他们必然会被视为被忽视的亲人,这意味着他们的工作在很大程度上被忽视或低估了。她们在非正式的乡村经济中最具活力,在参与省级补偿业务(包括园艺和非农村)方面,她们肯定比男性更古怪。无论什么时候,只要她们为了报酬而照顾生意,乡村妇女就一定会被利用在低维护、偶尔的、费时的、严肃的工作中。目前的调查研究试图揭示农村地区或半农村地区妇女劳动力的状况。报纸同样关注的问题是,创造公平的职位,商业风险准备和准入,保护农村妇女不从事不适合的工作,升级社会保险,确保她们的声音被听到,关闭写照漏洞是非凡活动所需的关键组成部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Women work-force in Agriculture and Rural Development: Issues and Challenges
The ILO assesses those rural women include a fourth of the total populace. Ladies additionally make up 41% of the world's rural workforce, a proportion which ascends to 49 percent for low pay nations. Rustic ladies fill in as ranchers, breadwinners and business people. They address a significant portion of the agribusiness labor force. Their social and financial strengthening can intensely affect usefulness and agribusiness drove development. Orientation disparities in the rural area are critical however hard to evaluate. As ladies are gathered in both neglected consideration and house hold work and their job in resource cultivating is regularly unremunerated, their commitment to the country economy is broadly underrated. Ladies from neighborhood, native and ancestral networks are regularly caretakers of conventional information that is key for their networks' occupations, versatility and culture. Their commitments are exceptional and essential particularly with regards to normal assets the executives, farming and ranger service areas that are basic for both moderation of, and variation to environmental change. Country ladies are gathered in low-gifted, low efficiency, and low or neglected positions with long working hours, helpless working conditions and restricted social assurance. They are bound to fill in as neglected contributing relatives which implies their work is to a great extent unnoticed or underestimated. They are most dynamic in the casual rustic economy and are definitely more outlandish than men to take part in provincial compensation business (both horticultural and non-rural). Whenever they take care of business for compensation, rustic ladies are bound to be utilized in low maintenance, occasional, and time-and work serious exercises. Present survey examination attempting to uncover the condition of ladies work-power in rural regions or semi-rural portions of the country. Paper is likewise zeroing in on the issues like Creating fair positions, business venture preparing and admittance to back, safeguarding provincial ladies from unsuitable types of work, upgrading social insurance, guaranteeing their voices are heard and shutting the portrayal hole are key components required for extraordinary activity.
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