Conclusion

Working-class writing and publishing workshops are an underexplored phenomenon that has featured very little in contemporary debates on culture. They have offered spaces for people on the margins of society to articulate their feelings, beliefs and experiences. The contours of the movement have been determined not only by power, resources and institutions but by a shared commitment to democratic culture, an inheritance that remains a resource for the future. The advent, development, successes and defeats of these workshops represent an important phase in the history of working-class creativity....