最优资本结构和多公司结构(最优资本结构)

Pablo Fernández
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:为了实现最优结构,有必要假设公司的全球价值(债务、股票、税收现值)随着杠杆(即杠杆成本存在)而减少。这可能有两个原因:一是预期FCF会随着负债而下降,二是资产风险(FCF风险和破产概率)会随着杠杆(或两者的结合)而增加。本文以哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School)和达摩达兰(Damodaran)论文中提出的两个例子为基础,对最优结构进行了分析。它显示了几家公司(雪佛龙、可口可乐、通用电气、谷歌、IBM、英特尔、强生、麦当劳、微软、百事、宝洁、Sealed Air、Sealy、沃尔玛、华特迪士尼)的资本结构,它们似乎没有追求“最佳结构”。在这篇论文中,我们将用两个例子来分析最优资本结构:一个是哈佛商学院提出的,另一个是达摩达兰提出的。首先,我们强调《哈佛商学院报告》在债务和股权成本方面的一些不一致之处。Damodaran(1994)提出了与哈佛商学院笔记类似的方法,但将其应用于一家真正的公司(波音公司,1990年),并假设持续的现金流增长。Damodaran结果的一个问题是,债务比率超过70%的公司价值低于债务价值,这意味着股权的价值为负。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(1.1%)水。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estructura óptima de capital y estructura de varias empresas (Optimal Capital Structure)
Spanish Abstract: Para que exista estructura optima es preciso suponer que el valor global de la empresa (deuda acciones valor actual de los impuestos) disminuye con el apalancamiento (esto es, que existen los costes del apalancamiento). Esto puede suceder por dos motivos: porque el FCF esperado disminuya con el endeudamiento o bien, porque el riesgo de los activos (el riesgo del FCF y la probabilidad de quiebra) aumente con el apalancamiento (o por una combinacion de ambos). Se realiza el analisis de la estructura optima basandonos en dos ejemplos propuestos en notas de Harvard Business School y de Damodaran.Se muestra la estructura de capital de varias empresas (Chevron, Coca Cola, GE, Google, IBM, Intel, J&Johnson, Mcdonalds, Microsoft, Pepsico, Procter, Sealed Air, Sealy, Wal-Mart, Walt Disney) que no parecen perseguir la “estructura optima”.English Abstract: In this paper we will present an analysis of the optimal capital structure using two examples: one proposed by the Harvard Business School and the other proposed by Damodaran.First, we highlight certain inconsistencies in the debt and equity costs assumed by the Harvard Business School note from a number of viewpoints. Damodaran (1994) offers a similar approach to that of the Harvard Business School note, but applies it to a real company (Boeing in 1990) and assumes a constant cash flow growth. One problem with Damodaran results is that the value of the firm for debt ratios above 70% is less than the value of debt, which implies a negative value for equity. An additional error in Damodaran's calculations is that he calculates the WACC using book values in the weighting, instead of market values.
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