Design recommendations to address cultural issues in multicultural MOOCs: a systematic literature review

One of the goals of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is to democratise education. With their unique openness feature, courses are offered to global learners with diverse backgrounds and cultures. This research has conducted a systematic literature review to identify the cultural aspects of multicultural learning environments and MOOCs, and what strategies, approaches, and dimensions have been implemented to deal with cultural challenges in relation to learning and teaching. The results showed how cultural differences on many levels are an influential factor on learning and teaching. Several pedagogical, contextual, and behavioural strategies have been implemented to overcome cultural differences in learning. In conclusion, this report presents an inventory of suggestions for a MOOC development team to consider when they are designing and delivering MOOC courses for multicultural audiences.