约翰·罗尔斯:道德和政治理论的过去和现在

Mihaela Czobor-Lupp
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当约翰·罗尔斯的《正义论》于1971年出版时,它给盎格鲁-撒克逊哲学带来了强大的、鼓舞人心的、令人耳目一新的创造性动力。从那时起,罗尔斯的著作受到了几种理由的批评,主要与它的康德式形式主义有关。然而,思想和理论不是天生的,也不是存在于社会和政治真空中。在不同的历史背景下阅读,它们可以揭示新的含义,传递特定的信息,这些信息是为特定的受众和政治文化量身定制的。在我的论文中,我认为,罗尔斯关于正义和秩序良好的社会的概念,反映了这一现实和我自己的生活经验,始终是现实的。这一现实的一个重要部分揭示了这一理论如何启发罗马尼亚社会在后共产主义时代对公民模式的探索。它向当今分裂和两极化的社会传递的信息也揭示了这一点,在这里,团结已被新自由主义侵蚀,公平和合理的感觉已被日益有害的斗争精神所削弱。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
John Rawls: The past and present of a moral and political theory
When John Rawls’ A Theory of Justice was published in 1971, it brought a strong, inspiring, and refreshing creative impetus in Anglo-Saxon philosophy. Since then, Rawls’ work has been criticized on several grounds, mainly related to its Kantian formalism. However, ideas and theories are not born and do not exist in a social and political vacuum. Read in different historical contexts they can reveal new meanings and deliver specific messages, which are tailored to specific audiences and political cultures. I argue in my paper that, reflecting this reality and my own life experience, Rawls’ conception of justice and of a well-ordered society always remains actual. An important part of this actuality is revealed in the manner in which the theory inspired Romanian society in its post-communist search for models of citizenship. It is also revealed by the message it delivers to today’s divided and polarized societies, where solidarity has been corroded by neoliberalism and a sense of fairness and reasonableness has been weakened by an increasingly noxious agonistic spirit.
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