肯尼亚商业银行信用信息共享实践与财务绩效

F. O. Odhiambo, Fredrick W. S. Ndede
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肯尼亚银行部门的不良信贷增加,导致某些银行倒闭,拖欠贷款的人激增。这主要是由于缺乏信用数据共享组成部分,导致该行业持续存在信息不对称。肯尼亚的商业银行在获取客户付款历史信息方面继续遇到许多挑战,这些信息有助于确定客户获得和偿还贷款的能力。自2008年征信机构成立以来,这使得越来越多的商业银行加入了征信机构。因此,肯尼亚商业银行的不良贷款率一直居高不下。本研究的总体目标是确定信用信息共享做法对肯尼亚商业银行财务绩效的影响。研究的具体目标是确定信息准确性、贷款量和客户信用报告对肯尼亚商业银行财务业绩的影响。该研究以逆向选择理论、道德风险理论和不对称理论为基础。研究者采用了描述性研究设计。目标人群是内罗毕县内的五家银行,包括KCB、股权银行、家庭银行、合作银行和巴克莱银行。主要数据采用问卷调查法收集,次要数据采用商业银行近5年的财务报表收集。数据分析采用描述性统计和推理统计。研究发现,信息准确性、贷款量和客户信用报告与商业银行的财务绩效呈显著正相关。研究得出结论,信息准确性增加了银行对申请人特征的理解,可以更准确地预测他们的还款概率,它减少了银行本来可以从客户那里获得的信息租金,它可以作为借款人纪律工具。放贷量提高了商业银行的经营水平,进而提高了银行的经济效益。信用信息的共享使商业银行在信誉的基础上向合格客户发放更多贷款,从而提高了盈利能力。当广泛的消费者信用历史信息很容易获得时,它大大降低了新贷款人进入贷款市场的成本,增强了竞争并降低了信贷利率。该研究建议,为了提高结果,肯尼亚的所有金融机构都需要保护其数据共享平台的准确性。定期实地考察应该为借款人数据的准确性提供可信度。商业银行应有效利用CRB提供的数据向潜在借款人放贷。只有具有良好信用记录的借款人才能获得贷款。研究还提出肯尼亚商业银行应以借款人的声誉资产为授信基础,确保贷款违约率小,从而提高商业银行绩效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Credit Information Sharing Practices and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
The banking sector in Kenya suffered increased non-performing credits which prompted collapse of certain banks with an upsurge of loan defaulters. This was mainly attributed to the continued information asymmetry in the industry because of absence of a credit data sharing component. Commercial banks in Kenya have continued to encounter a number of challenges in obtaining information on customers’ payment history that helps guide on determining their ability to access and re-pay loan advancements. This has made more commercial banks to subscribe to credit reference bureaus since its establishment in 2008. As a result, commercial banks in Kenya have been experiencing high rates of Non-Performing Loans advanced to customers. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of credit information sharing practices on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to determine the effect of information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study was anchored by adverse selection theory, moral hazard theory and asymmetry theory. The researcher used a descriptive research design. The target population was five banks within Nairobi County including KCB, Equity Bank, Family Bank, Cooperative Bank and Barclays Bank. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data using financial statements of the commercial banks performance for the past 5 years. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found that information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports were positively and significantly related to the financial performance of the commercial banks. The study concludes that information accuracy increases the banks ' understanding of the applicants’ features and allows a more precise forecast of their probabilities of repayment, it decreases the information rents that banks could otherwise obtain from their clients and it can function as a borrower discipline tool. Lending volume enhances business banks ' enhanced operations, which in turn leads to banks’ enhanced economic results. Sharing of credit information has made commercial banks grant more loans on the basis of their reputation to deserving clients, thereby improving their profitability. When extensive consumer credit history information are easily accessible, it considerably decreases the cost of entering loan markets for fresh lenders, enhances competition and lowers credit rates. The research recommends that for enhanced results, all financial institutions in Kenya need to protect the precision of their platforms for data sharing. Regular site visits should offer credibility to the precision of the borrowers’ data. The data supplied by CRB should be used efficiently by commercial banks to lend to prospective borrowers. Only borrowers with a strong history of credit should be permitted access to the loans. The research also proposes that Kenya's commercial banks should base credit awards on the borrowers’ reputational assets, ensuring that the loan default rate is small, thus enhancing commercial bank performance.
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