Shared Multi-Keyboard and Bilingual Datasets to Support Keystroke Dynamics Research

Keystroke dynamics has been shown to be a promising method for user authentication based on a user's typing rhythms. Over the years, it has seen increasing applications such as in preventing transaction fraud, account takeovers, and identity theft. However, due to the variable nature of keystroke dynamics, a user's typing patterns may vary on a different keyboard or in a different keyboard language setting, which may affect the system accuracy. In other words, an algorithm modeled with data collected using a mechanical keyboard may perform significantly differently when tested with an ergonomic keyboard. Similarly, an algorithm modeled with data collected in one language may perform significantly differently when tested with another language. Hence, there is a need to study the impact of multiple keyboards and multiple languages on keystroke dynamics performance. This motivated us to develop two free-text keystroke dynamics datasets. The first is a multi-keyboard keystroke dataset comprising of four (4) physical keyboards - mechanical, ergonomic, membrane, and laptop keyboards - and the second is a bilingual keystroke dataset in both English and Chinese languages. Data were collected from a total of 86 participants using a non-intrusive web-based keylogger in a semi-controlled setting. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first multi-keyboard and bilingual keystroke datasets, as well as the data collection software, to be made publicly available for research purposes. The usefulness of our datasets was demonstrated by evaluating the performance of two state-of-the-art free-text algorithms.