WSN's energy-aware coverage preserving optimization model based on multi-objective bat algorithm

This research expands the scope of wireless sensor network (WSN) optimization from single objective to multi objective optimization. It introduces a WSN's energy-aware and coverage preserve hierarchal clustering and routing model based on multi-objective bat swarm optimization algorithm. Two objectives are taken into consideration; coverage and nodes residual energies. The proposed model optimizes the WSN by selecting the best fitting set of nodes as cluster heads. It works to maximize the WSN's coverage and to minimize the nodes' consumed energy. This minimizes the number of active cluster heads while preserving a higher percentage of the covered nodes in WSN. It extends the longevity of the WSN's lifetime and achieves good functioning reliability. The proposed optimization model overcomes the WSN's coverage and lifetime challenges. The proposed model outperforms the LEACH routing and clustering protocol.