EADSA: Energy-Aware Distributed Sink Algorithm for Hotspot Problem in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

The issue of hotspot occurs when the sink neighboring nodes drain more energy and become dead early. For a time being the whole network is isolated due to dying nodes and the overall lifetime of the network is decreased. Thus, the big challenge in WSANs systems is to prolong the lifetime of the network by solving the Hotspot problem. The lifetime of the network is directly based on the energy consumption of the network. Several challenges are associated with this problem like delays in the network, data packets losses, decrement of lifetime and throughput of the network. Therefore, its need to investigate the issue of Hotspot problem with the help of some energy aware technique. In this paper, the Energy-Aware Distributed Sink Algorithm is introduced to rescue the Hotspot issue in Wireless Sensors and Actors Network (WSANs). The proposed algorithm is formally analyzed with the help of Formal Methods based specification language. For the verification and validation of the proposed algorithm, the Vienna development Method Specification-Language Tool Box (VDM-SL) is used. Both the dynamic and static models are developed to ensure the correctness of the algorithm with some pre/post conditions, invariants, and attributes.