视觉SLAM与定向地标和部分里程计

E. Hernandez, J. Ibarra, José Neira, Rafael Cisneros, J. E. Lavin
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引用次数: 10

摘要

在本文中,我们描述了一个可以在结构化室内环境中进行视觉同步定位和映射(VSLAM)的系统;这个系统使用了一个小型的低成本商用人形机器人,它的头部使用了一个安装在平移和倾斜装置上的摄像头(由我们设计和制造)。几乎所有的VSLAM方法都使用机器人环境的2D特征点来估计机器人的姿态和环境结构。我们提出了一种新的方法来获得三维点(即特征的位置和方向相对于当前机器人的位置是已知的),这种方法是基于单目三维重建方案;利用这些信息可以改进经典SLAM EKF方法的结果。实验是在一个结构化的环境中进行的,我们在两个案例中实现了它们;第一种方法不使用里程计信息,第二种方法使用部分里程计信息;这意味着我们在EKF算法中包含了机器人的方向。这些信息是通过我们安装在机器人中的惯性测量单元(IMU)获得的。最后,我们想指出的是,所有用于机器人平台的组件都是低成本的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Visual SLAM with oriented landmarks and partial odometry
In this paper, we describe a system that can carry out visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) in structured indoor environments; this system uses a small-sized low-cost commercial humanoid robot which uses a camera mounted on a pan-and-tilt device (it was designed and built by us) as his head. Almost all of the VSLAM approaches use points 2D like features of the robot's environment for estimate his pose and the structure of his environment. We propose a new approach to get points 3D (i.e. feature's position and orientation with respect to the current robot's position are known) this approach is based in a monocular 3D reconstruction scheme; with this information we can improve the results in classical SLAM EKF method. Experiments had made in a structured environment, we implemented them for two cases, though; the first one was implemented without odometry and second one was carried out with partial odometry information; that means we included robot's orientation in EKF algorithm. This information had gotten with an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), which we installed in the robot. Finally, we want to point out that all the components used into the robotics' platform are low cost.
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