The pre-conditions, principles and attributes of political and technocratic governance in Italy: history and modernity

The article is devoted to analyzing the stages and peculiarities of the formation of a politically and party determined system of governance and public administration in Italy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In parallel, it is argued that the system of governance and public administration in Italy is historically determined by a technocratic component. On this basis, the parameters of pre-conditions, principles and attributes of political and technocratic governance in Italy (for which both political or party governments are inherent characteristic of parliamentary democracy and republic) were revealed. The author has proved that the technocratic component of party and politically determined public administration in Italy overcomes the ideological polarization of inter-party competition and the party component of governance, thus stabilizing and increasing the efficiency of governance in general. Thus, it has been recorded that the synthesis of political and technocratic components of public administration does not always undermine democratic character of the latter, although it affects the nature of the delegation of powers and responsibilities, but generates somewhat different (from the classical one) model of parliamentary democracy.