设计及实施处理流动厕所污水的处理厂

Sebastián Núñez, E. A. Zuluaga-Hernández, Natalia Teran, J. Puello, L. Ramírez, Luis Bossa
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引用次数: 1

摘要

移动厕所废水的特征显示参数值(即化学需氧量COD和总悬浮固体TSS)超过了环境法规规定的限制。这意味着必须事先对这些废水进行处理。本文描述了在一个干燥/潮湿的热带气候条件下的沿海城市,设计和建造一个处理移动厕所废水的工厂。该厂每两天能处理2.2立方米的废水。间歇式移动厕所废水的处理过程包括一级处理(筛选和沉淀)、二级处理(生物活性污泥)和三级处理(氯化消毒、活性炭和砾石过滤器过滤),以消除有机物、蓝色、细菌和气味的化学分解剂,并满足地表水水体和公共污水系统排放的限值。还实施了清洁生产战略,以提高该工艺的可持续性,例如使用回收材料(即用于有机物质分解剂的空容器)、利用土地上的不均匀物减少能源消耗、使用废弃生产单位的设备(水箱和过滤器)以及用可生物降解和无毒的戊二醛基消毒剂取代厕所消毒剂(甲醛基分解剂)。考虑到废水处理过程中涉及的环境承诺。该厂处理后的水的特性表明,它可以排放到下水道。对生物反应器中存在的微生物进行表征,为未来的污水处理厂的研究和优化提供了建议,因为在该过程中确定的接种物将成为其他有机物质降解过程(如位于类似气候条件下的化粪池和污水处理厂)的潜在辅助剂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Design and implementation of a treatment plant for the disposal of wastewater from portable toilets
Characterization of wastewater from portable toilets show parameters values (i.e., Chemical Oxygen Demand COD and total suspended solids TSS) that exceed the limits stablished by environmental regulations. This means that a prior treatment of these effluents is mandatory. This paper describes the design and construction of a plant for the treatment of wastewater from portable toilets, in a coastal city with dry/humid tropical weather conditions. The plant has a capacity for the treatment of 2.2 m3 of wastewater every two days. The batch process for the treatment of wastewater from portable toilets consists of primary treatment (screening and sedimentation), secondary treatment (biological activated sludge) and tertiary treatment (disinfection by chlorination, and filtration with activated carbon and gravel filters), in order to eliminate the chemical disintegrator of organic matter, the blue color, bacteria and odors, and to meet the limit values in discharges at surface water bodies and public sewerage system. Cleaner production strategies were also implemented to improve the sustainability of the process, such as the use of recycled material (i.e. the empty containers of agents for organic material disintegration), use of unevennes in the land to decrease energy consumption, use of equipment (tanks and filters) from disused production units and substitution of the toilet disinfectant (which was formaldehyde based disintegrator), for a biodegradable and non-toxic glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant, considering the environmental commitment involved in wastewater treatment processes. The characterization of the treated water from the plant showed that it can be discharged into the sewer. A characterization of the microbia present in the bioreactor is suggested for future research and optimization of the wastewater treatment plant, since the inoculum identified in the process will be a potential adjuvant in other processes for organic material degradation such as septic tanks and wastewater treatment plants located in similar climatic conditions.
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