丹佛盆地Codell carrier-bed油气藏

S. Sonnenberg, J. Zumberge, J. Curtis
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引用次数: 2

摘要

载体层是一种新兴的非常规油层类型,其储层质量一般较低,因为其特点是:1)层状薄的异质石质地层;2)显著的压实作用和/或成岩作用;3)砂岩和泥岩岩性混合(即非均质岩性)的穴道。在这种类型的储层中,载体层普遍是碳氢化合物饱和的,并且可以非常广泛(>50平方公里或130平方公里)。这些低质量的储层通常不符合传统的岩石物性界限,并且由于其高粘土含量可能具有低电阻率,低对比产层。储层可能由塑料或碳酸盐组成,或两者兼而有之。由于储层的质量和石油运移的程度,像Codell这样的载体层正在进行水平钻井和多级水力压裂的开发。传统的垂直钻井产量为边际到不经济的井,这可以为是否存在载体层提供线索。Codell砂岩是丹佛盆地北部部分地区的低电阻率、低对比产层。油气生产区域位于盆地深处,分别位于怀俄明州和科罗拉多州的Silo和Wattenberg油田之间。在丹佛盆地的这一部分,Codell的厚度在15到25英尺(4.5到7.6米)之间。Codell生产的关键是烃源岩成熟度和油在载体层的圈闭。Codell的砂体层圈闭产油于不同的层段,包括Niobrara(主要是“B”泥灰岩)、Pierre页岩的Sharon Springs段、Greenhorn/Carlile段,以及Mowry页岩。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Codell carrier-bed play, Denver Basin
Carrier-bed plays are an emerging type of unconventional oil play in which reservoirs are generally of low quality because they are characterized by: 1) thinly bedded heterolithic strata; 2) significant compaction and/or diagenesis; and 3) burrowing that has mixed sandstones and mudstone lithologies (i.e., heterogeneous lithologies). In this type of play, the carrier beds are pervasively hydrocarbon saturated and can be areally extensive (>50 mi2 or 130 km2). These low-quality reservoirs generally do not meet traditional petrophysical cutoffs and because of their high clay contents can have low resistivity, low contrast pays. The reservoirs may be composed of siliciclastics or carbonates or both. Due to reservoir quality and degree of oil migration, carrier-bed plays like the Codell are being developed with horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing. Traditional vertical drilling yields marginal to uneconomic wells that can provide a clue to the existence of a carrier-bed play. The Codell Sandstone is a low-resistivity, low-contrast pay in parts of the northern Denver Basin. The area of oil and gas production is in the deeper part of the basin between and including Silo and Wattenberg fields of Wyoming and Colorado, respectively. The thickness of the Codell in this part of the Denver Basin ranges from 15 to 25 ft (4.5 to 7.6 m). Keys to Codell production are source rock maturity, and oil entrapment in the carrier bed. Oil in the Codell carrier-bed traps was generated in various intervals including the Niobrara (mainly the “B” marl), Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale, Greenhorn/Carlile, and, rarely, the Mowry Shale.
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