独立参数度量中带电和旋转坍缩星周围重力的影响

Zahid Zakir
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引用次数: 0

摘要

表面带电荷的球的外部度规,作为爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦方程的解,取决于三个独立的参数——表面半径、电荷和球的引力半径,后者等于中性非旋转物质的引力半径。电场只存在于球的外面,它的能量对度规的贡献与物质的符号相同。因此,电荷的增加增强了引力,增加了其影响的幅度(红移、轨道半径和阴影等)。当球面渐近于引力半径时,球形坍缩星外的度规跟随球的度规,因此包括两个参数而不是三个参数,其可观测结果与具有给定表面半径的球相同。在这样一个坍缩星的旋转过程中,它外部的度规也包括旋转参数作为一个独立的参数。克尔-纽曼度规的新形式还包括一个独立的参数——极处的引力半径。其中,物质和旋转的能量对度规的贡献具有相同的符号,旋转参数的增加也增强了引力,增加了其影响的大小(赤道处的引力半径、红移、轨道和阴影的平均半径)。这些结果在物理上是正确的,但它们与之前基于Reisner-Nordström、Kerr和Kerr- newman标准的非物理预测相反。后者包括无穷远处的总质量,这取决于电荷和/或旋转参数,而预测没有考虑到这种依赖性,这导致了错误的结论,即电荷和/或旋转参数的增加会削弱引力,降低其观察到的效应的大小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of gravity around charged and rotating collapsars in metrics with independent parameters
The external metric of the ball with a charge on the surface, as a solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations, depends on three independent parameters - the surface radius, the charge and the gravitational radius of the ball, which is equal to the gravitational radius of a neutral non-rotating matter. The electric field exists only outside the ball, and its energy contributes to the metric with the same sign as the matter. Therefore, an increase in charge enhances gravity, increasing the magnitude of its effects (redshifts, orbital radii and shadows, etc.). The metric outside the spherical collapsar follows from the metric of the ball as the surface asymptotically approaches the gravitational radius and therefore includes two parameters instead of three, and its observable consequences are the same as for a ball with a given surface radius. The metric outside such a collapsar during its rotation also includes the rotation parameter as an independent parameter. The new form of the Kerr-Newman metric also includes an independent parameter - the gravitational radius at the pole. In it, the contributions to the metric of the energies of matter and rotation have the same sign, and an increase in the rotation parameter also enhances gravity, increasing the magnitude of its effects (gravitational radius at the equator, redshifts, average radii of orbits and shadows). These consequences are physically correct, but they are inverse to the previous non-physical predictions based on the standard Reisner-Nordström, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metrics. The latter included the total mass at infinity depending on the charge and/or rotation parameter, and predictions were made without taking this dependence into account, which led to the erroneous conclusion that an increase in charge and/or rotation parameter weakens gravity, reducing the magnitude of its observed effects.
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