生态需水计算方法综述 Overview of Calculation Method for Ecological Water Requirement

水力发电改变了流量的时空分布规律。电站的运行将使坝下河段水文情势发生变化，给水生生境带来较大的负面影响。关于河流生态需水量确定方法的研究，是水利工程、环境工程等学科的研究热点和难点。经过对相关文献进行的翔实调查与总结，本文对生态需水研究的国内外现状进行了较为详细的阐述，并提出了对未来研究的展望。 Power generated by hydropower stations changes the spatial and temporal distributions of flow. The hydrological regime of river reaches at the downstream of the dam is changed by the operation of power stations, which will bring tremendous negative impact on the aquatic ecology. The research on the method of determining the ecological water requirement of river is the hot spot and difficulty in the research of water conservancy and environmental engineering. After a detailed survey and summary of relevant literatures, this paper gives a detailed description of the current situation of ecological water requirement in China and abroad, and puts forward the prospects for future research.