Spinal physiology

The spinal column in addition to its mechanical and structural role in bipedal primates also plays an important role in three physiological processes: motor control, sensory perception, and autonomic function. This chapter aims to describe the role of the spinal cord in these physiological processes and the patterns of deficit that result from injuries to the spinal cord. The initial section will cover spinal tract anatomy of transmission of pain, proprioception, motor function, and coordination. This will be followed by a description of autonomic control of bladder, bowel, sexual function, and blood pressure. The final segment will describe the patterns of neurological deficit resulting from spinal cord injury.