Automatic computer aided diagnosis for early diabetic retinopathy detection and monitoring: A comprehensive review

One of the major consequence of diabetic disease is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which effect on retina of diabetic people and the critical phase of diabetic retinopathy can lead to permanent vision loss. The early detection and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy is important to prevent it or for effective treatment, but the problem associated to early detection of DR is very minor changes on retinal fundus image, it includes-hemorrhages, exudates, red lesion, cotton wool spots, drusen etc. To early detection or screening of changes on retinal image is very challenging and time consuming for ophthalmologists, as the size and color changes are initially matched with local blood vessels in retinal image. This paper presented the exhaustive review on various latest trends on computer aided diagnosis screening systems to automated and integrated DR detection and monitoring system; the detection result will help out to take the fast decision for automatic referrals to the ompthologists. This paper also presented the comparison the performance of various predecessor DR detection systems based on quality metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity and AUC (Area under Curve). This review paper will assist to researcher to quickly analyze the latest trend of various DR screening methodologists in medical engineering.