Taxonomies of Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

Support from the physical and digital road infrastructure can extend the conditions under which connected and automated vehicles can operate safely. While there are separate concepts for the Operational Design Domain (ODD) and Infrastructure Support for Automated Driving (ISAD), there is no clear picture of their interplay yet. This paper suggests an integrated perspective on the challenge of cross-sector collaboration for the benefit of Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM). Taxonomies are analyzed from three perspectives: the user, the vehicles and the road infrastructure. It is found that besides well-established concepts (SAE J 3016, Principles of Operations Framework) there is a number of emerging taxonomies which consistently fit into the overall collaboration landscape. These taxonomies include the user communication of automated driving, the cooperation classes (SAE J 3216), Infrastructure Support for Automated Driving (ISAD) and Levels of Service for Automated Driving (LOSAD), the latter two being recently proposed as elements of a Smart Roads Classification. It is concluded that the taxonomies should be used and applied as a shared understanding which calls for close collaboration between the actors in order to prepare, pilot, test and deploy Connected Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services in the coming decade(s).