Indoor 3-D Localization over LCX-based Wireless Environment Using Particle Filter Approach

Localization, as a key technology, has promoted various location-based services and applications. It also plays an important role in many novel systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart buildings and houses, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. Different from the requirements for localization technology in the past, today’s indoor localization systems need to provide not only the two-dimensional (2-D) location information of the target but also stable three-dimensional (3-D) information. Most of the existing localization methods in wireless communication consider the communication systems using conventional monopole antennas. However, in many application scenarios such as smart manufacturing factories, the shielding and interference effects of metallic objects on radio waves limit the performance of conventional monopole antennas. It is often necessary to increase the number of access points (APs) with additional complexity and cost to guarantee entire wireless coverage. Leaky coaxial cable (LCX) which can be used as antennas for wireless communication can be employed to solve this problem. As a long and flexible cable, LCX can provide promising wireless coverage for stable wireless communication and localization. This paper proposes a 3-D localization method using multiple LCXs in an indoor environment. The proposal is based on a particle filter algorithm and uses the time of arrival (TOA) of the signal as the indicator for filtering.