党派结盟和在线政治两极分化:理解法国和美国总统选举的计算方法

PLEAD '13 Pub Date : 2013-10-28 DOI:10.1145/2508436.2508438
Alexander Hanna, Chris Wells, P. Maurer, Lewis A. Friedland, Dhavan V. Shah, Jörg Matthes
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引用次数: 49

摘要

随着Twitter的出现,以及从这项技术中收集大型数据集的能力,研究人员有机会分析跨国选举背景下的政治参与。本文利用这种能力来研究美国和法国总统竞选期间的政治两极分化和公民参与。我们使用Twitter Gardenhose集合在50天的窗口内根据关键词过滤推文,从2012年3月19日到2012年5月8日(法国大选)和2012年9月19日到2012年11月8日(美国大选),特别关注2012年10月3日和2012年5月2日美国和法国总统辩论期间的参与情况。从这些数据中,我们根据标签使用和转发网络构建了党派联盟。我们在法国的案例中发现了更明显的政治两极分化的证据,而美国的案例则显示出较少的党派分歧。本研究阐述了公民在不同政治文化和语言背景下使用主要社会媒体的共性和对比,但具有相似的意识形态分歧、选举政治和竞选背景。最后,我们讨论了计算社会科学和“大数据”在传播学、比较政治学和政治社会学中的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Partisan alignments and political polarization online: a computational approach to understanding the french and US presidential elections
With the advent of Twitter and the ability to collect large datasets from this technology, researchers have the opportunity to analyze political participation in cross-national electoral contexts. This paper capitalizes on this capability to examine political polarization and citizen engagement during the US and French presidential campaigns. We use the Twitter Gardenhose collection to filter tweets based on keywords around a 50-day window, from March 19, 2012 to May 8, 2012 for the French election and September 19, 2012 to November 8, 2012 for the US Election, particularly focusing on on engagement during the US and French presidential debates on October 3, 2012 and May 2, 2012, respectively. From these data, we constructed partisan alignments based on hashtag usage and retweet networks. We found evidence of more stark political polarization in the French case, while the US case demonstrated less partisan division. This study elaborates commonalities and contrasts in the use of a major social medium by citizens in contexts that differ in political culture and language but feature similar ideological divides, electoral politics, and campaign contexts. We conclude by discussing the implications of computational social science and "big data" in communications, comparative politics, and political sociology.
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