Congenital Central Nervous System Abnormalities in Bauchi, Nigeria: Our Experience in 4 Years

Introduction: Congenital central nervous system abnormalities are among the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. These abnormalities impair functions and cosmetic challenges among the survivors. We aimed to describe the pattern of the congenital CNS abnormalities in our environment. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on children who presented and managed for congenital CNS abnormalities from October 2018 to September 2022. Clinical data of the patients were retrieved from their record files, admission record and operation notes. The data were analyzed and results expressed. Results: Two-hundred and thirteen children with congenital CNS abnormalities were reviewed within the study period. Congenital hydrocephalus (48%) was the most common abnormalities seen followed spinal bifida (27%). Forty-eight percent of the children presented after two month of life. Peri-conception folic acid intake/supplementation and febrile illness occurrence during first trimester of the pregnancy were reported as 15% and 29% of the mothers respectively. Conclusion: congenital hydrocephalus and spinal bifida are the most common congenital CNS abnormalities in our practice. Many of the mothers of the affected children did not have peri-conception folic acid intake or supplementation. Prevention, early detection during ante ante-natal care and early presentation at birth of the cases are needed efforts in our society.