Macroscopic traffic performance indicators based on floating car data: formation, pattern analysis, and deduction

Urban traffic is an important part of urban activities. With the rapid development of the economy and the advancement of urbanization in many cities, urban road systems experienced serious traffic congestions, which increases the traffic delay and fuel consumption, aggravates the vehicle exhaust and noise, and seriously damages the urban environment. In order to evaluate the congestion conditions of cities, macroscopic measurements are required to provide quantified indications on evaluating the traffic performance of cities.