Buck Converter Output Voltage Control System Using Proportional Integral Differential Method on Solar Cell Battery Charging

Although fossil fuels are still readily available, their use is becoming less and less common. Solar energy produced by panels on the roof can be used as a source of power. Semiconductor-based solar panel technology can absorb photons from sunshine and transform them into ecologically beneficial electrical energy. Of course, a control device that regulates the electrical energy charging system is required when using solar cells as a power source to charge a battery. This device is typically referred to as a charge controller. The DC-DC converter of the buck type with a Ziegler Nichols-based Proportional Integral Differential (PID) control approach utilizing Arduino Uno is the control system utilized in this solar cell battery charging. The buck converter reduces and stabilizes the solar panel's output voltage following the requirements for charging the accumulator. For charging batteries, a set point voltage of 13.8 V is employed. By testing the converter with both static and dynamic loads, the research that has been done can produce results. The 35 Watt lamp static load test results with a fixed voltage source show that the set point voltage is 13 V and that it takes 28 s to attain a steady condition. When applied to dynamic loading using a battery charge of 12 V/7.5 Ah with a 20 WP solar panel source during hot, partly cloudy weather, the charging efficiency is 68 percent. A steady state of about 28 s may be claimed to be a satisfactory control system response.