奥地利高等教育质量保证实践

О. А. Oseredchuk, М. Marusynets
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摘要

本文讨论了教育质量问题,描述了根据博洛尼亚进程决定其在欧洲国家发展和形成的特点、细节和优先事项。该研究强调,在整个博洛尼亚进程中始终需要质量保证,这是欧洲政治家、教育工作者、公众人物和学生政府关注的主要问题之一。高等教育系统的质量保证是国家发展和改革承诺的推动力。奥地利是欧洲最早对确保教育质量的发展方式进行科学研究的国家之一,通过奥地利的例子,我们概述了该机构的活动,并界定了其在公立和私立高等教育机构中的职能和权力。研究概述了教育质量保证的途径:保证最低标准和理想的实现;能够在不断变化的教育环境中设定目标,并在考虑现有资源和条件的情况下实现目标;能够满足直接和间接消费者及利益相关者的要求和期望;追求完美。论述了教育质量保证的要素:协调一致的质量保证机构;分科提交的自我评估报告;专家现场评估;对评估结果的公开报告。本文阐述了在不同类型的教育机构中如何保证教育质量以及可能存在的风险。基于对科学资料的分析回顾,我们得出结论,奥地利是一个研究对象,说明了在不同类型和类型的高等教育机构中实施综合质量保证体系的多方面方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Higher education quality assurance practices in Austria
The paper addresses the issue of education quality describing the features, specifics and priorities that determine its development and formation in European countries according to the Bologna Process. The study emphasizes the constant need for quality assurance throughout the Bologna process to have been one of the main concerns for European politicians, educators, public figures and student government. Quality assurance in higher education systems serves as the driving force behind national development and commitment to reforms. Through the example of Austria, which is one of the first European countries to initiate a scientific inquiry into the development of ways to assure education quality, we give an overview of the agency`s activities and define its functions and powers at public and private higher education institutions. The research outlines the approaches to education quality assurance: a guarantee that minimum standards and ideals are realized; ability to set goals in a constantly changing educational environment and achieve them taking into account available resources and conditions; ability to meet the requests and expectations of direct and indirect consumers and stakeholders; striving for perfection. The paper substantiates essential factors for education quality assurance: a coordinating quality assurance institution; submission of a self-assessment report by a subdivision; on-site assessment by experts; a public report on the evaluation results. The article describes the ways to assure education quality at different educational institution types and possible risks. Based on an analytical review of scientific sources, we conclude that Austria is a research subject illustrating the multifaceted ways of implementing a comprehensive quality assurance system in different types and kinds of higher education institutions.
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