Non-GAAP Earnings and Stock Price Crash Risk

We investigate whether non-GAAP earnings disclosures increase stock price crash risk. Consistent with non-GAAP disclosures allowing managers to inflate investors’ perceptions about firm performance, our results indicate that income-increasing non-GAAP reporting increases crash risk. We also find that managers can use non-GAAP reporting as a substitute for withholding bad news in GAAP earnings, which is the traditional explanation for crashes. Finally, we find a positive association between firms’ non-GAAP reporting and the likelihood of subsequent events that can trigger a crash. Overall, our evidence is consistent with certain non-GAAP disclosures exposing investors to risks of large and sudden price declines.