小脑:解剖、功能和疾病

Rajani Singh
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引用次数: 5

摘要

小脑是后脑最大的部分,重约150克。它位于脑桥和延髓后面的后颅窝,由第四脑室腔与这些结构隔开。它通过被称为小脑梗的三个纤维束与脑干相连。小脑控制身体的同一侧。它通过控制力量、持续时间和收缩力来精确地协调熟练的自愿运动,使它们平滑、平衡和准确。它也负责保持平衡,肌肉张力和身体的姿势。这是通过使用躯体感觉信息来调节大脑和脑干的运动输出来实现的。Sherrington认为小脑是本体感觉系统的头神经节。小脑功能障碍以及小脑退行性疾病,如脊髓小脑共济失调、多发性硬化症、恶性肿瘤等,可能最终导致失衡、张力低下、说话困难、睡眠困难、维持肌肉协调和协同作用障碍,有时可能危及生命。因此,对神经解剖学家和神经外科医生来说,小脑的解剖学知识是必不可少的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cerebellum: Its Anatomy, Functions and Diseases
Cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain and weighs about 150 g. It is enshrined in posterior cranial fossa behind the pons and medulla oblongata and separated from these structures by cavity of fourth ventricle. It is connected to brainstem by three fibre tracts known as cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellum controls the same side of body. It precisely coordinates skilled voluntary movements by controlling strength, duration and force of contraction, so that they are smooth, balanced and accurate. It is also responsible for maintaining equilibrium, muscle tone and posture of the body. This is achieved through the use of somatic sensory information in modulating the motor output from the cerebrum and brainstem. Sherrington regarded cerebellum as the head ganglion of the proprioceptive system. Dysfunction of cerebellum along with degenerative diseases of cerebellum such as spinocerebellar ataxia, multiple sclerosis, malignant tumours, etc. may culminate into disequilibrium, hypotonia, difficulty in talking, sleeping, maintaining muscular coordination and dyssynergia which at times may be life threatening. Hence, knowledge of anatomy of cerebellum is imperative for neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons.
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