Genitourinary cancer: A perspective review

Genitourinary (GU) malignancy comprises nearly half of the cancers diagnosed in men, and the incidence of this group of cancers increases with age. The key to successful management is to define appropriate goals (cure vs. palliation) based on the history and extent of disease, physiology and life expectancy of the patients, and cost–benefit ratio of treatment options. Recently, a number of genomic and molecular studies have provided an insight into the oncogenesis and progression of GU cancers, particularly bladder, prostate, and kidney cancers. These comprehensive innovative analyses have led to new molecular classification based on the genomic expression profiles and the discovery of potential diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets.