利用水分胁迫指数进行番茄灌溉控制

М.І. Ромащенко, Р.В докт. техн. наук, Сайдак, В.П. Пантелеєв канд. с.-г. наук, С.Р докт. екон. наук, Госс, Іhor О Kovalenko, O. Zhuravlov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物叶片表面温度可以作为农作物水分胁迫的一个指标。由于植物温度受天气因素的影响,通常通过作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)来表达。为了计算CWSI,必须知道两个输入参数,这两个参数将植物在最大水分胁迫和没有最大水分胁迫的情况下的温度与水蒸气压差联系起来。这些基本方程式是特定于每个文化和地区的。国外对番茄CWSI的定义和基本依赖关系进行了许多研究,乌克兰尚未进行这样的研究。本研究的目的是建立乌克兰南部地下滴灌灌溉番茄所需的CWSI值和基本方程。本文介绍了番茄地下滴灌条件下水分胁迫指数的理论和实证测定结果。研究结果证实,水分胁迫指数既可以单独用于规划番茄灌溉,也可以与其他方法相结合,以提高决策的准确性。对CWSI的日动态进行了分析,结果表明,在观测期内,上午水分胁迫指数平均接近于0,随着太阳辐射强度的增加,CWSI也随之增加,并在20:00时达到最大值(1.08)。水分胁迫指数与太阳辐射强度的相关系数为0,63。灌水量、土壤湿度、茎粗变化与CWSI之间建立了相关关系,相关系数分别为-0,60、-0,55和-0,51。理论方法和实证方法对CWSI的估计相同,两种方法之间存在高度相关性(r=0,92)。当CWSI的值为0,3和-2,2时,需要分别根据理论和经验确定方法规定灌溉或增加灌溉速率。使用所得方程计算CWSIE的经验方法更容易使用。本研究番茄的CWSI值与其他灌溉方式密切相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
USING THE WATER STRESS INDEX FOR TOMATO IRRIGATION CONTROL
The temperature of the leaf surface of plants can be used as an indicator of the water stress of agricultural crops. Since plant temperature is affected by weather factors, it is usually expressed through the crop water stress index (CWSI). To calculate the CWSI, two input parameters must be known that relate plant temperature under and without maximum water stress to the water vapor pressure deficit. These basic equations are specific to each culture and locale. Many studies on the definition of CWSI and basic dependencies for tomatoes have been conducted abroad, such a study has not yet been conducted in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish CWSI values and basic equations that are needed for the purpose of watering tomatoes in the south of Ukraine under subsurface drip irrigation. The paper presents the results of determining the theoretical and empirical water stress index of tomatoes under subsurface drip irrigation. The research results confirm that the water stress index can be used to plan the irrigation of tomatoes both independently and in combination with other methods to increase the accuracy of decision-making. An analysis of the daily dynamics of the CWSI was carried out, according to the results of which it was established that in the morning hours the water stress index on average during the observation period was almost 0, then, as the intensity of solar radiation increased, the CWSI also increased and reached its maximum value (1,08) at 20:00. The correlation coefficient between the water stress index and the intensity of solar radiation was 0,63. The relationship between irrigation rate, soil moisture, change in plant stem diameter, and CWSI was established, the correlation coefficients are -0,60, -0,55, and -0,51, respectively. Theoretical and imperial methods estimate CWSI equally, there is a high correlation between both methods (r=0,92). It is necessary to prescribe irrigation or increase the irrigation rate according to the theoretical and empirical methods of determining CWSI, respectively, for its values of 0,3 and -2,2. The empirical method of calculating CWSIE using the resulting equations is easier to use. The CWSI values obtained for tomatoes in this study are closely correlated with the other irrigation methods.
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