商船上海洋气象观测的准确性

N. Iwasaka
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引用次数: 0

摘要

评估了风速和气温观测的准确性。将1996年和1997年向日本气象厅报告的风速观测资料与NSCAT的地面风观测资料进行了比较。风向测量的系统误差小得可以忽略不计,但随机误差却高达44度。综合评价,船上观测风速高估1.30 m s-1,随机误差2.83 m s-1。验证了风速仪高度校正可以成功地减小仪器观测的系统误差。相比之下,采用新开发的校正方法并没有减少目视观测的系统误差。并对几种类型的商船进行了数值试验,研究了船舶周围的风速分布。实验结果给出了风速计应该安装在什么位置以及系统误差的预期值。为了定量评估机载空气温度测量的偏差,进行了基础的现场实验。证实了前人研究表明的偏置误差与日晒的关系;也就是说,偏差几乎与同一时间的日照量成线性比例。这种偏斜似乎也不太依赖于船上的风向
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Accuracies of marine meteorological observations made on merchant ships
Accuracies of wind speed and air temperature observations were assessed. Wind speed observation reported to the Japan Meteorological Agency in 1996 and 1997 were examined by comparing them with the NSCAT surface wind observations. Systematic errors in wind direction measurements are negligibly small, but the random error is as large as 44 degrees. In overall evaluation, wind speed observed aboard is overestimated by 1.30 m s-1 and the random error is 2.83 m s -1, respectively. It is confirmed that anemometer height correction can successfully reduce the systematic error for instrumental observation. In contrast, the systematic errors in visually observations were not reduced by applying a newly developed correction method. The numerical experiments were also conducted for several types of merchant ships to examine the distributions of wind speed around the ships. The results of the experiments give some idea where an anemometer should be installed on and how much the systematic error can be expected. Basic field experiments were performed to quantitatively evaluate the bias error on the air temperature measurement aboard. It is confirmed that the relationship between the bias error and insolation that was shown by previous studies; i.e., the bias is almost linearly proportional to the magnitude of insolation in the same time. The bias also seems to weakly depend on fetch of the wind on the ship
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