考虑到火灾风险的酒店分类

V. Prisadkov, N. Konstantinova, S. Muslakova, A. Abashkin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。目前俄罗斯关于酒店分类的法规几乎没有考虑到酒店的消防安全条件。该规例采用的制度规定,由专家对酒店参数进行评分评估,以便将酒店划分为某一类别(星级评定)。本文的目的是制定方法,允许确定酒店的消防安全水平与公认的评级系统相匹配,以便在向酒店分配适当类别的过程中进一步使用。酒店消防安全评价评分方法的理论基础。在对酒店进行分类并确定某一类酒店的消防安全指数的基础上,提出了三种计算酒店“火点”的方法。第一种评分方法是计算整体消防安全指数的格林特纳法。确定了酒店统计数据的第一和第三个四分位数。指数不超过前四分位数的酒店属于消防安全水平较高的子组;从第一个(包括)到第三个四分位数属于中等水平。如果酒店的火灾危险指数值不小于第三个四分位数,则属于火灾安全水平较低的子组。第二种方法是基于在疏散时间方面使用“安全储备”。第三种评估酒店火灾风险的模型包括将酒店分组,确定单个火灾风险的价值,根据火灾风险从最低到最高的变化对酒店进行排名。结果和讨论。对于酒店的分类,通过选择系统分值与调整系数所设定的“火点”之间的比例,解决了物理方法与专家评分法相结合的火灾危险性评估问题。分配给酒店子组的火点是指示性的,应在拟议方法的框架内进行纠正。将所开发的方法以真实酒店设施为例进行实验应用,可以在酒店分类过程中选择考虑酒店消防安全的最佳工程方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Classification of hotels taking into account fire risks
Introduction. The current Russian Regulation on classification of hotels hardly takes into account their fire safety conditions. The system, adopted in the Regulation, provides for an expert scoring assessment of hotel parameters for their assignment to a certain category (star rating). The purpose of the article is to develop methods that allow determining the level of fire safety of hotels in points commensurate with the accepted rating system, for its further use in the course of assignment of appropriate categories to hotels. Theoretical fundamentals of scoring methods of assessment of fire safety of hotels. Three approaches to the calculation of «fire points» of hotels have been developed, based on the breakdown of hotels into classes and identification of the fire safety index of hotels within one class. The first scoring method is the Gretener method used for calculating the integral fire safety index. The first and third quartiles are identified for the hotel statistics. Hotels, whose index does not exceed the first quartile, belong to the subgroup featuring a high level of fire safety; those ranging from the first (inclusively) to the third quartile belong to the medium level. If the values of the fire hazard index of hotels are not smaller than the third quartile, they belong to the subgroup that has a low level of fire safety. The second method is based on the use of a «safety reserve» in terms of evacuation time. The third model of assessing the fire hazard of hotels includes the breakdown of hotels into groups, identification of the value of individual fire risk, ranking hotels by the fire risk that varies from the lowest to the highest.Results and their discussion. As for the classification of hotels, problems that accompany the consolidation of the physical approach to the fire hazard assessment with the expert method of scoring are solved by choosing the proportion between the points of the system and the «fire points» set by the adjustment coefficient. The fire points, assigned to the subgroups of hotels, are indicative and should be corrected within the framework of the proposed approach.Conclusions. The experimental application of the developed methods using the cases of real hotel facilities will allow choosing the optimal engineering method of taking into account the fire safety of hotels in the process of their classification.
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