ETC: Effective trustworthy communication with two-mode authentication for disaster recovery

In this paper, we propose effective trusted communication (ETC) using two-mode authentication. ETC combines routing protocol and authentication protocol together to provide trusted communication especially in disaster situations. During disasters, a communication system plays an important role in rescuing victims. Due to infrastructure failure, mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) must be used. Since most authentication methods rely on trusted-third party, they cannot be used in isolated mobile ad-hoc networks. In addition, most authentication protocols do not provide fast data transmission (if reliable). Our design of ETC allows authenticated communication without compromising data transmission speed.