本体与环境态度的对应关系

W. Crichton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对环境的警告带来了对环境态度的表面变化,但除非我们的现实观念发生变化,否则深层态度将保持不变。本体论决定了一个人如何追求自己的需要和福利。关键的因素是自然界中驱动因素(AF)的概念:无论是个人的还是非个人的,一个还是多个,物质的还是分离的。一个人的观点是具有身体的能动者的观点,因此涉及到对AFs的认同,并在世界上使用AFs来获得期望的结果。主要的本体论是:(i)万物有灵论(AF=个人的,许多的,在事物中):一个人认同灵魂,并试图让他们站在自己一边;(ii)多神教(AF=personal, many, separate):人们认同神,并为开发环境与他们做交易;(iii)一神论(AF=个人的、唯一的、独立的):一个人“服从”并向上帝祈求一个可利用的环境,并帮助他利用它;(iv)现代科学的模棱两可的本体论:(1)它是物质主动的(AF=客观的,许多的,在事物中),然而(2)规律是自然的基础,因此它是隐含的一神论(AF=个人的,一个,单独的):人们认同物质和单独的主体,并利用规律来操纵事物中的AF,以利用环境来享受物质享受。另一种本体论(AF=客观的,一个,非物质的)根据物质的总状态来驱动事件。一个人认同于AF,属于物质世界,因为AF没有单独的利益。因此,一个人努力使世界成为一个美好的地方。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The correspondence between ontology and environmental attitudes
Alarms about the environment have brought about superficial changes of environmental attitudes, but deep attitudes will remain the same unless our conception of reality changes. Ontology determines how one pursues one's needs and welfare. The crucial element is the conception of an actuating factor (AF) in nature: whether personal or impersonal, one or many, in material things or separate. One's point of view is that of an agent with a body, and therefore involves identifying with the AFs and using the AFs in the world to obtain desired results. The major ontologies are: (i) animism (AF=personal, many, in things): one identifies with the spirits and tries to get them on one's side; (ii) polytheism (AF=personal, many, separate): one identifies with gods and makes deals with them for exploiting the environment; (iii) monotheism (AF=personal, one, separate): one "obeys" and prays to God for an exploitable environment and help in exploiting it; and (iv) the ambiguous ontology of modern science: (1) it is matter-active (AF=impersonal, many, in things), yet (2) laws underlie nature, so it is implicitly monotheistic (AF=personal, one, separate): one identifies with matter and with separate agents and uses laws to manipulate the AF in things to exploit the environment for material indulgence. An alternative ontology (AF=impersonal, one, not material) actuates events in accordance with the total state of matter. One identifies with the AF and belongs to the material world, since the AF is devoid of separate interests. Therefore, one tries to make the world a good place to belong to.
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