Formation and Evolution of Transient Jets and Their Cavities in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries

We propose a model explaining the origin of transient/episodic jets in black hole X-ray binaries, in which they are caused by transitions from a collimated, strongly magnetized jet to a wide, uncollimated outflow. The change occurs when the accretion flow leaves the magnetically choked state due to an increase of the accretion rate for a weakly varying magnetic flux. The formed powerful jet then detaches from its base, and propagates as a discrete ejection. The uncollimated outflow then produces a relativistic plasma that fills the surroundings of the black hole, contributing to the formation of a low-density cavity. While the pressure in the cavity is in equilibrium with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM), its inertia is orders of magnitude lower than that of the ISM. This implies that the plasma cannot efficiently decelerate the ejecta, explaining most of the observations. The modest deceleration within the cavities observed in some cases can then be due to the presence of clouds and/or filaments, forming a wide transition zone between the cavity and the ISM.