性别、阶级、弹性力量:尼泊尔转型的经验教训

J. Braithwaite
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引用次数: 10

摘要

在尼泊尔内战的“例外状态”中,对军队、警察和政党的控制提供了硬实力。然而,尼泊尔的历史表明,在革命条件下,群众可以在推动平等方面发挥决定性作用。在推进平等主义议程方面,软实力比硬实力更有优势。然而,短暂的人民权力必须与古老的、根深蒂固的物质权力作斗争。虽然少数民族或宗教团体有时会创建军队、政党、联邦内的国家,但妇女不会创建这样的硬实力机构。在毛派和西方硬实力的话语中,女性权利、LGBT权利和贱民权利的巧妙白话化带来了一些平等主义的转变。这个案例揭示了,面对政党、军队、裙带资本主义和外国资本的硬实力复苏,如何扩大促进性别和阶级平等的软实力之窗。扩大窗口、有纪律的非暴力和白话化结合在一起,可以带来有利于边缘化群体的变革。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender, Class, Resilient Power: Nepal Lessons in Transformation
Control of armies, police and parties delivers hard power in the ‘state of exception’ illustrated by civil war in Nepal. The history of Nepal nevertheless shows how in revolutionary conditions, the crowd can be decisive to advance equality. Soft people power is mostly superior for advancing egalitarian agendas than hard power. Yet momentary people power must grapple with ancient, entrenched, material power. While ethnic or religious groups sometimes create armies, political parties, states within a federation, women do not create such institutions of hard power. Deft vernacularisation of women’s rights, LGBT rights and the rights of Untouchables into the discourses of both Maoist and western hard power delivered some egalitarian shifts. This case reveals how windows of soft power that advance gender and class equality can be widened in the face of resurgence of the hard power of parties, militaries, crony capitalism and foreign capital. Together, window-widening, disciplined nonviolence and vernacularisation to enroll hard power can deliver transformations that favour the marginalised.
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