为什么使用预测处理来解释精神病理?神经性厌食症1例

Stephen Gadsby, J. Hohwy
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引用次数: 13

摘要

预测处理理论越来越多地被用于解释精神障碍。它们似乎提供了一个有吸引力的解释框架,因为预测误差最小化的核心思想可以同时用于解释通常与精神障碍有关的几种知觉、注意力和推理缺陷。然而,这样的解释能带来多少好处还不清楚:所提供的解释似乎有几个弱点,比如过于自由、过于肤浅,或者过于拘泥于统计学习的正式概念。在这里,我们对框架下相对未被认可的各种解释工具进行分类,并讨论如何使用它们来提供实质性的解释。然后,我们将这个框架应用于神经性厌食症,这是一种以一系列复杂的感知、推理和决策问题为特征的饮食失调症。我们得出结论,预测加工框架是一种有价值的精神病理学解释类型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Why Use Predictive Processing to Explain Psychopathology? The Case of Anorexia Nervosa
Predictive processing accounts are increasingly called upon to explain mental disorder. They seem to provide an attractive explanatory framework because the core idea of prediction error minimization can be applied to simultaneously account for several perceptual, attentional and reasoning deficits often implicated in mental disorder. However, it can be unclear how much is gained by such accounts: the proffered explanations can appear to have several weaknesses such as being too liberal, too shallow, or too wedded to formal notions of statistical learning. Here, we taxonomise the relatively unrecognised variety of explanatory tools under the framework and discuss how they can be employed to provide substantial explanations. We then apply the framework to anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder that is characterised by a complex set of perceptual, reasoning and decision-making problems. We conclude that the predictive processing framework is a valuable type of explanation for psychopathology.
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