STRATEGIES TO CONFRONT URBAN ENCROACHMENT IN LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF (BROKEN WINDOW) (INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR THE HOLY CITY OF NAJAF, A CASE STUDY)

The aim of this paper is to study the definition of (infringement) and its effects on human beings and their activities and knowledge of the reasons for the infringement on infrastructure services in the study area in order to come up with solutions and proposals that achieve cost, effort and time savings since the work was based on the descriptive and analytical approach by diagnosing the characteristics and indications of the breaking windows theory and the most important scientific experiments. That it included identifying indicators of the urban encroachment phenomenon to build the necessary strategies within the study area to address the research problem.