The Effect of Frequency Offset on the Probability of Bit and Packet Errors in Processing Signals with Chirp Spread Spectrum Modulation

In this paper, we consider the LoRa technology [2] and the chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation used to transmit the LoRa signal. Currently, LoRa is used in the Internet of Things applications, in building automated power supply networks for efficient energy use, in controlling the consumption of resources such as water, heat, gas, electricity, and for solving environmental monitoring problems. The main problem of IoT systems is frequency desynchronization resulting from the instability of the reference generators in the receiving and transmitting equipment from the use of low-cost IoT devices. The central problem of this paper is the effect of the frequency offset on the bit error ratio (BER) and packet error ratio (PER) during signal demodulation for various parameters of the transmitter and receiver. This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling and the dependence of the BER and PER on the magnitude of the frequency error during signal processing.