Bringing back the discourse on entrepreneurial orientation construct: further clarifications on its dimensions

The nomological validity of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct is reexamined as the current conceptualization lacks precise articulation of the construct and its measurement. The validity concern is caused primarily by the innovation dimension. We attempt to critically evaluate the dimensions and associated measures of EO. Data collected from 404 firms in Oman are analyzed using a two-step approach, initially conducting EFA and CFA tests, followed by structural equation modelling. The results suggest that innovation orientation significantly improves the clarity of the innovation dimension. The study further clarifies that EO consists of enabling measures that contributes to generation of entrepreneurial outputs in corporate firms. A comprehensive list of measures drawn from multiple scales are used to validate the five-factor EO construct.