Characteristics and relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity of college students during COVID-19 epidemic

Objective To explore the characteristics and relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide evidence for the orderly development of physical education and curriculum reform of college students after their return to school. Methods A total of 6 227 college students were collected from 8 districts of China by using convenient sampling method and snowball sampling method, and the physical activity and self-efficacy of all participants were assessed used by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results In the terms of general self-efficacy, the score of male students was significantly higher than that of female students, the score of freshman was significantly higher than that of other grades ( t/F = 7. 32, 5.56, P<0.01). In terms of physical activity, the middle and high level physical activity of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, but the proportion of boys meeting the recommended amount was higher ( P<0.01). Low level physical activity was the highest in junior college students (31.75%), medium level physical activity was the highest in freshmen (46.75%) and sophomore student (48.13%), and high level physical activity was the highest senior college students (30.40%). The moderate level of physical activity was the highest in all BMI groups, while the lean group had the lowest level of low level physical activity (15.70%) and the highest level of high level physical activity (37.31%), and the lowest proportion meeting the recommended amount ( P<0.05). Self-efficacy had a positive predictive effect on physical activity ( OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03–1.05). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, there are significant differences in general self-efficacy and physical activity among college students by gender, grade and BMI. The general selfefficacy has a positive impact on physical activity, suggesting that college physical education should pay attention to students’ self-efficacy, while considering individual and group differences, and promote physical activity level through self-efficacy improvement. 【摘要】 目的 探索新型冠状病毒肺炎 (以下简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间在校大学生的自我效能和体力活动特征及关 系, 为大学生复学后体育工作的有序开展和课程改革提供依据。 方法 通过方便抽样法和滚雪球抽样法, 对中国 8 个片区 6 227 名在校大学生, 采用一般自我效能量表和国际体力活动问卷 (短卷)进行调查。 结果 在自我效能方面, 男生得分高 于女生, 大一学生高于其他年级 ( t/F 值分别为 7.32,5.56, P 值均<0.01); 在体力活动方面, 女生的中、高水平体力活动构成 比高于男生, 但男生满足推荐量的报告率更高 ( P 值均<0.01); 大三学生低水平体力活动占比最多 (31.75%), 大一学生 (46.75%)、大二学生 (48.13%)中等体力活动占比多, 大四学生的高水平体力活动占比多 (30.40%); 不同体质量指数 (BMI) 组, 中等水平体力活动占比均最多, 偏瘦组低水平体力活动占比最少 (15.70%), 高水平体力活动占比最多 (37.31%), 满足推荐量的报告率最低 ( P<0.05)。二兀 Logistic 回归分析显示, 自我效能与体力活动呈正相关 ( OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03~1.05)。 结论 新冠肺炎疫情期间, 不同性别、年级和 BMI 大学生的自我效能和体力活动存在差异, 自我效 能对体力活动有积极影响。大学体育教学需重视学生的自我效能, 考虑个体和群体差异, 通过自我效能的改善促进体力活 动水平的提升。