Development and the Role of Tissue Culture in Plant Breeding: A review

In the globe, a rapidly growing population is increasing food demand whilst resources such as good quality land, water and soil are becoming scarcer. Crop production is negatively impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. As fertilizers such as phosphorous and nitrogen become increasingly scarce and expensive, developing plant varieties that can withstand climate variability, lower rainfalls, warmer temperatures, fewer inputs and pest and disease outbreaks is increasingly vital. Plants that use resources more efficiently or require fewer resources altogether improve the sustainability of agricultural as well as urban and forest ecosystems. Discovering the underlying genes affecting important traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptability is of paramount importance to increase the agricultural productivity and to feed the world’s growing population it is needed to mitigate production and productivity limiting biotic and abiotic stress.