Framework of Smart grid

Distributed generation is a clean and renewable alternative to or enhancement of traditional large-scale centralized generation to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Smart appliances at factories or homes can be switched off at peak hours and on when power is less expensive. They act as peak curtailment and can lessen peak demand surges during the day so that less energy is wasted in order to ensure adequate reserves. All these new technologies, on both generation and demand sides, have environmental and economical benefits, but also need more complicated electricity network, the bridge in between, to connect and maintain them together. Smart grid is a major solution to modernize current electricity network to facilitate connecting distributed energy resources (DER) and smart appliances with electrical power grid. The information integration solutions (IIS) which integrates and upgrades the presently separate functionalities of EMS, DMS, OMS, and GIS, is one of the key technologies of smart grid. Smart grid will bring huge benefits to both power utility industry and customer.