农用无人机进行喷洒的效率、设计、技术和工艺特点

Oleksandr Kholodyuk, O. Tokarchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对作物进行病虫害喷洒的农业技术操作是几乎所有农业技术的重要组成部分。它们构成了所有农业技术成本的很大一部分,因此也构成了最终产品的成本。无人驾驶飞行器(uav)的使用在农业中具有巨大的潜力,每年对其使用的兴趣主要是在精确农业任务的实施中增长。本文的研究对象是Agras无人机在作业区域的喷洒过程。这项研究的目的是研究大疆Agras无人机在喷洒农药、疾病、杂草方面的有效性,并建立它们的设计和操作特点。工作目标是建立Agras T16、T20和T30无人机的设计和模式特征;了解他们在文化遗址的喷洒生产力,并证实可能的储备,以提高无人机喷雾器的生产力。研究方法是基于认知活动的方法,数学建模,分析和综合的方法,从官方来源的信息和其他研究人员的工作。这项科学工作考虑了Agras T16、T20和T30六旋翼机的优秀技术和操作特点。所执行的分析使我们能够断言在提高其使用效率方面的动态。对其在植保产品喷施中的实际应用、所需开发方式的选择等方面进行了论证。值得注意的是,喷雾器的性能取决于转子的摆动直径,转子的数量和高于作物表面的高度,转子的摆动直径会产生向下的空气流。它们的最大允许速度受所安装泵的性能、喷嘴确保给定工作药物排出速率的能力、罐内混合物物质的性质等的限制。给出了在750段和1000米的运行长度下,Agras无人机T16、T20和T30的操作生产率计算。喷雾无人机Agras T16、T20、T30在1000 m运行时的生产率分别为7.65;8.29和10.5 ha/h。随着飞行长度减少到750 m, Agras T16、T20和T30的生产率分别提高8.40;9.10和11.06公顷/小时。分析Agras无人机的变化时间平衡百分比,发现约25%是由于技术故障、组织问题和天气条件导致的非规范时间停机。人们注意到,在提高大疆Agras无人机的生产力方面,最重要的储备是向栽培植物喷洒杀虫剂、疾病和杂草。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE EFFICIENCY OF USING AGRAS DRONES FOR SPRAYING, THEIR DESIGN, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES
Agrotechnical operations on spraying crops from diseases and pests are an important part of almost any agricultural technology. They make up a significant part of the cost of all agricultural technology and, as a result, the cost of the final product. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has a huge potential in agriculture and every year the interest in their use grows primarily in the implementation of the tasks of precision farming. The object of research in this article is the process of spraying work areas with Agras unmanned aerial vehicles. The aim of the study is to study the effectiveness of DJI's Agras drones in spraying cultivated plants with pesticides, diseases, weeds and to establish their design and operating features. The objectives of the work are to establish the design and mode features of unmanned aerial vehicles Agras T16, T20 and T30; to find out their productivity on spraying of cultural sites and to substantiate possible reserves in increase of productivity of drones-sprayers. The research methodology is based on the method of cognitive activity, mathematical modeling, methods of analysis and synthesis of both information from official sources and information from the works of other researchers. The scientific work considers the excellent technical and operational features of hexacopters Agras T16, T20 and T30. The performed analysis allows us to assert the dynamics in improving the efficiency of their use. The practical aspects of their use in spraying with plant protection products, the choice of the required mode of exploitation are substantiated. It is noted that the performance of sprayers depends on the diameter of the swing of the rotors, which create a downward flow of air, the number of rotors and the height above the crop surface. Their maximum permissible speed is limited by the performance of the installed pumps, the capacity of the nozzles to ensure a given rate of discharge of the working drug, by properties of substances of the tank mixture, etc. The calculation of operational productivity Sparaying Drones Agras T16, T20 and T30 at the length of the runs of sections 750 and 1000 m is given. Productivity of Sparaying Drones Agras T16, T20 and T30 at a run length of 1000 m is obtained, respectively, 7.65; 8.29 and 10.5 ha/h. With the reduction of the run length to 750 m, the productivity of all Sparaying Drones Agras T16, T20 and T30 increases, respectively 8.40; 9.10 and 11.06 ha/h. Analyzing the balance of time of change of Agras drones in percentage it was found, that about 25 % is due to downtime of unregulated time, which is caused by technical malfunctions, organizational problems and weather conditions. The most important reserves in increasing the productivity of DJI's Agras drones for spraying cultivated plants with pesticides, diseases and weeds have been noted.
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